Impact of La3+doping on temperature coefficient of resistivity and peak temperature of La x Ca0.89-xSr0.11MnO3 films prepared by sol-gel spin coating method

Herein, refined LaxCa0.89-xSr0.11MnO3 (LCSMO, x = 0.65, 0.68, 0.71 and 0.74) films were prepared through the sol-gel spin-coating. The influence of La3+ content on the structural properties of LCSMO films was investigated by X-ray diffraction and Atomic force microscope, demonstrating that LCSMO films can grow well on SrTiO3 (00l) substrate. Besides, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy verified the double exchange (DE) effect was weakened with La3+ dopant. The La3+ doping and interconnected grains boundaries (GBs) led to the weakening DE effect and GBs scattering, respectively. Due to superior GBs connectivity, the resistivity of LCSMO films was less than 7.1 x 10(-4) Omega.cm at low temperature of 100 K. Importantly, it is an effective control method to keep the temperature (T-k) corresponding to temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) at room temperature with Sr2+ content as constant in LCSMO films. At x = 0.71, the peak TCR value was found to be 8.84%/K and corresponding T-k was 283.15 K. These results are beneficial for advanced application of uncooling infrared bolometer.

Exploration of potential mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 induced immune inflammatory response leading to progression of atherosclerosis and prediction of traditional Chinese medicine for preventing and treating based on bioinformatics.

Objective To explore the core targets and important pathways of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced atherosclerosis (AS) progression from the perspective of immune inflammation, so as to predict the potential prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Methods Microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and AS patients, and the "limmar" and "Venn" packages were used to screen out the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) genes in both diseases. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed on the common DEGs to annotate their functions and important pathways. The two gene sets were scored for immune cells and immune function to assess the level of immune cell infiltration. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by STRING database, and the CytoHubba plug-in of Cytoscape was used to identify the hub genes. Two external validation datasets were introduced to validate the hub genes and obtain the core genes. Immuno-infiltration analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed on the core genes respectively. Finally the potential TCM regulating the core genes were predicted by Coremine Medical database. Results A total of 7898 genes related to COVID-19, 471 genes related to AS progression;And 51 common DEGs, including 32 highly expressed genes and 19 low expressed genes were obtained. GO and KEGG analysis showed that common DEGs, which were mainly localized in cypermethrin-encapsulated vesicles, platelet alpha particles, phagocytic vesicle membranes and vesicles, were involved in many biological processes such as myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent Toll-like receptor signaling pathway transduction, interleukin-8 (IL-8) production and positive regulation, IL-6 production and positive regulation to play a role in regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity, Toll-like receptor binding and lipopeptide and glycosaminoglycan binding through many biological pathways, including Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, complement and coagulation cascade reactions. The results of immune infiltration analysis demonstrated the state of immune microenvironment of COVID-19 and AS. A total of 5 hub genes were obtained after screening, among which Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) and complement C1q subcomponent subunit B (C1QB) genes passed external validation as core genes. The core genes showed strong correlation with immune process and inflammatory response in both immune infiltration analysis and GSEA enrichment analysis. A total of 35 TCMs, including Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Taoren (Persicae Semen), Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Pugongying (Taraxaci Herba), Taizishen (Pseudostellariae Radix), Huangjing (Polygonati Rhizoma), could be used as potential therapeutic agents. Conclusion TLR2, CD163 and C1QB were the core molecules of SARS-CoV-2-mediated immune inflammatory response promoting AS progression, and targeting predicted herbs were potential drugs to slow down AS progression in COVID-19 patients.Copyright © 2023 Editorial Office of Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs. All rights reserved.

Cultivating public health youth talents with illustrious virtue and lofty aspirations to undertake glorious tasks of a new era: Minute Cultivating public health youth talents with illustrious virtue and lofty aspirations to undertake glorious tasks of a new era: Minutes of the Sixteenth National Postgraduates Symposium on Environmental and Occupational Medicine s of the Sixteenth National Postgraduates Symposium on Environmental and Occupational Medicine

From October 22 to 23, 2021, the 16th National Postgraduates Symposium on Environmental and Occupational Medicine was successfully held in Central South University, sponsored by the Editorial Board of Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Xiangya School of Public Health of Central South University, and co-organized by School of Public Health of South China University and Shanghai Preventive Medicine Association. Keeping in view the outbreak of COVID-19, the symposium was held in the form of "offline+online". More than 100 teachers and students from more than 30 universities and research institutions across China attended the conference. A total of 114 excellent papers were submitted to this conference. Focusing on the theme of "Research and practice: Healing the schism", young scholars' forum as well as postgraduates' academic exchanges at the main venue and four parallel sessions were launched. This conference not only provided an excellent platform for postgraduate students in the field of environmental and occupational medicine nationwide to share academic trends and exchange academic research, but also expanded the influence of the Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine.Copyright © 2021, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All rights reserved.

Clinical Efficacy of Modified Sanxiaoyin in Treatment of Mild or Moderate COVID-19 Patients:Based on Retrospective Analysis.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 52 patients with coronavirus disease-2019 COVID-19 and explore the clinical efficacy of modified Sanxiaoyin on mild/moderate COVID-19 patients. Method(s): The propensity score matching method was used to collect the clinical data of mild or moderate COVID-19 patients enrolled in the designated hospital of the Second Hospital of Jingzhou from December 2019 to May 2020. A total of 26 eligible patients who were treated with modified Sanxiaoyin were included in the observation group,and the 26 patients treated with conventional method were the regarded as the control. The disappearance of clinical symptoms,disappearance time of main symptoms,efficacy on traditional Chinese medicineTCMsymptoms,hospitalization duration,laboratory test indicators,and CT imaging changes in the two groups were compared. Result(s): The general data in the two groups were insignificantly different and thus they were comparable. After 7 days of treatment,the disappearance rate of fever,cough, fatigue,dry throat,anorexia,poor mental state,and poor sleep quality in the observation group was higher than that in the control groupP<0.05,and the difference in the disappearance rate of expectoration and chest distress was insignificant. For the cases with the disappearance of symptoms,the main symptomsfever, cough,fatigue,dry throat,anorexia,chest distressdisappeared earlier in the observation group than in the control groupP<0.01. After 7 days of treatment,the scores of the TCM symptom scale of both groups decreasedP<0.01,and the decrease of the observation group was larger that of the control groupP<0.01. All patients in the two groups were cured and discharged. The average hospitalization duration in the observation group12.79+/-2.68dwas shorter than that in the control group15.27+/-3.11dP<0.01. The effective rate in the observation group92.31%,24/26was higher than that in the control group76.92%,20/26. After 7 days of treatment,the lymphocyteLYMcount increasedP<0.05,and white blood cellWBCcount and neutrophilNEUTcount decreased insignificantly in the two groups. Moreover,levels of C-reactive protein CRP,erythrocyte sedimentation rateESR,and procalcitoninPCTreduced in the two groups after treatmentP<0.01and the reduction in the observation group was larger than that in the control group P<0.01. Through 7 days of treatment,the total effective rate on pulmonary shadow in the observation group 90.00%,18/20was higher than that in the control group77.27%,17/22P>0.05and the improvement of lung shadow in the observation group was better than that in the control groupP<0.01. Conclusion(s):Modified Sanxiaoyin can significantly alleviate fever,cough,fatigue,anorexia,chest distress,poor sleep quality,and other symptoms of patients with mild or moderate COVID-19,improve biochemical indicators,and promote the recovery of lung function. This paper provides clinical evidence for the application of modified Sanxiaoyin in the treatment of mild or moderate COVID-19.Copyright © 2022, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica. All rights reserved.

Outpatient Versus Inpatient Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Complications, Time Driven Activities Based Costing and Patient Satisfaction

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Radical prostatectomy lengths of stay decreased with ketorolac analgesia and adoption of robotic assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the transition to outpatient RARP freed up critically needed hospital beds. The healthcare cost reduction afforded by the shift to outpatient RARP and its effect on patient satisfaction has yet to be explored. We compared healthcare costs, patient satisfaction and complications for outpatient vs. inpatient RARP. METHOD(S): We identified and compared a series of consecutive RARP performed as outpatient vs. inpatient and determined the capacity cost rate for every resource, including personnel, equipment, and space. After the lifting of hospital restrictions, men were given the option of inpatient vs. outpatient RARP. We also administered a validated Patient Satisfaction Outcome Questionnaire (PSOQ) postoperatively and compared median scores in perceived outcomes and satisfaction. A time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) analysis was applied to compare the total costs of care for RARP performed. Finally, we captured complications within 30 days of surgery using the Clavien-Dindo classification. We used multivariable regression to adjust for age, race, BMI, and ASA classification to assess the impact of outpatient vs. inpatient RARP on complications. RESULT(S): There were no significant differences in patient characteristics for outpatient (n=145) vs. inpatient (n=80) RARP. When given the choice, 86.6% of men elected for outpatient vs. inpatient RARP. Outpatient RARP netted a $1387 (13.5%) cost reduction compared to inpatient RARP. There were no significant differences in outpatient vs. inpatient median satisfaction survey scores or complications within 30 days (11.0% vs. 11.3%, p=0.961). CONCLUSION(S): Outpatient RARP can be safely performed, with similar outcomes and compared to inpatient RARP. Outpatient RARP has significantly lower costs compared to inpatient RARP while maintaining similar patient satisfaction outcomes.

Empirical Study on Social Media Exposure and Fear as Drivers of Anxiety and Depression during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an abundance of news and information dominating media outlets, leading to a widespread atmosphere of fear and uncertainty, potentially having adverse effects on mental health. This study aims to explore whether social media exposure contributes to anxiety and depression. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted using a standardized questionnaire to collect data on social media exposure, fear of COVID-19, depression, and anxiety from 327 employed individuals in the United States. Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the relationships between social media exposure, fear of COVID-19, anxiety, and depression. The results suggest that fear of COVID-19 leads to anxiety and depression, and that social media exposure leads to fear, anxiety, and depression. These findings highlight the potential adverse effects of social media exposure and fear on mental health and suggest that reducing social media exposure could help minimize anxiety levels. It also emphasizes the significance of understanding the impact of fear of COVID-19 on anxiety and depression and provides guidance for managing and coping with fear in this pandemic. This study's relevance lies in gaining critical insights into the pros and cons of using social media for health-related information during a pandemic. The novelty of this study lies in its unique perspective on the impact of adverse information that has distinct psychological and social implications.

A Staging Prediction Model for COVID-19 Pandemic under Strong Public Health Interventions

With the extensive implementation of the strong public health interventions in China, many models proposed to predict COVID-19 epidemic are no longer applicable to the current epidemic development. In this paper, a COVID-19 prediction method is proposed based on a staging SEITR model with consideration of strong public health interventions in China. The method simulates preventive and control measures such as mass nucleic acid testing and quarantine of close contacts by introducing the role of Isolates and the transformation of Exposed to Isolated. The experimental evaluation uses real epidemic data from six cities including Nanjing, Yangzhou, and etc. The accuracy of prediction for total number of infections reaches 95.8% with the data of the first 15 days of the outbreak. In addition, the prediction accuracy of the end of the pandemic is 95.07%. These show that the proposed method can effectively predict the course of the epidemic and it is practical for relevant departments to formulate reasonable prevention and control measures. © 2022 IEEE.

A necessary evil? The rise of online exam proctoring in Australian universities

The COVID-19 pandemic has seen the rapid but sometimes controversial take-up of ‘online examination proctoring' systems by universities keen to maintain their assessment schedules during times of campus closure. Following the theoretical tradition of media ‘domestication', this article examines the mainstream adoption of different online proctoring systems in Australian higher education during the first year of the pandemic. Through analysis of interviews, documents, news, social media and marketing materials, the article examines the ‘appropriation', ‘objectification', incorporation' and ‘conversion' of proctoring technology from the perspective of commercial providers, university authorities, university staff and student groups. This raises a number of critical issues underpinning the adoption of this exam surveillance technology – not least the surrender of control to commercial providers, the hidden labour required to sustain ‘automated' systems and the increased vulnerabilities of ‘remote' studying. © The Author(s) 2021.

Transcriptomic Profiling of Ganoderic Acid Me-Mediated Prevention of Sendai Virus Infection

Objectives: Ganoderic acid Me [GA-Me], a major bioactive triterpene extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, is often used to treat immune system diseases caused by viral infections. Although triterpenes have been widely employed in traditional medicine, the comprehensive mechanisms by which GA-Me acts against viral infections have not been reported. Sendai virus [SeV]-infected host cells have been widely employed as an RNA viral model to elucidate the mechanisms of viral infection. Method(s): In this study, SeV-and mock-infected [Control] cells were treated with or without 54.3 muM GA-Me. RNA-Seq was performed to identify differentially expressed mRNAs, followed by qRT-PCR validation for selected genes. GO and KEGG analyses were applied to investigate potential mechanisms and critical pathways associated with these genes. Result(s): GA-Me altered the levels of certain genes' mRNA, these genes revealed are associated pathways related to immune processes, including antigen processing and presentation in SeV-infected cells. Multiple signaling pathways, such as the mTOR pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and the p53 pathways, significantly correlate with GA-Me activity against the SeV infection process. qRT-PCR results were consistent with the trend of RNA-Seq findings. Moreover, PPI network analysis identified 20 crucial target proteins, including MTOR, CDKN2A, MDM2, RPL4, RPS6, CREBBP, UBC, UBB, and NEDD8. GA-Me significantly changed transcriptome-wide mRNA profiles of RNA polymerase II/III, protein posttranslational and immune signaling pathways. Conclusion(s): These results should be further assessed to determine the innate immune response against SeV infection, which might help in elucidating the functions of these genes affected by GA-Me treatment in virus-infected cells, including cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. Copyright © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.

Globality: A New Paradigm of Thought?

The Covid-19 pandemic has once again impressively demonstrated the global connectedness between peoples around the world and the weakness of political boundaries and nation-states despite their powerful resistance. Nowhere is the globality of interdependence of humankind more evident than the impracticality for any far-flung corners on earth to escape from the assault of the virus. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

In-situ synthesis of stable ZnO-coated CsPbBr3 nanocrystals for room-temperature heptanal sensors

In this work, we coated perovskite quantum dots (CsPbBr3) with metal oxide (ZnO) by an in-situ oxidation strategy to obtain CsPbBr3@ZnO nanocrystals, which effectively improved the moisture stability of the perovskite material. In addition, the ZnO layer can also transfer the interaction with gas molecules to the inner CsPbBr3, giving the CsPbBr3@ZnO nanocrystals good gas-sensing properties at room temperature. This study considered CsPbBr3@ZnO films’ structural, morphological, and gas sensing properties;and simulated breath monitoring tests. Later a sensor based on CsPbBr3@ZnO nanocrystals was prepared and used to detect the presence of heptanal (a breath biomarker for lung cancer and COVID-19) in different gases, including air, artificial breath, and real breath. The sensor displayed a fairish sensitivity (S = 0.36) alongside a brief response/recovery time (36.5 s/5.3 s) towards 200 ppm heptanal prepared with air, and the limit of detection could reach up to 2 ppm in the air and 3 ppm in artificial breath (made up of air, ethanol, isopropanol, 7-tridecanone, and n-tetradecane). Furthermore, the intelligent classification algorithms were used to identified the real breath samples containing heptanal (1–5 ppm) with an 82.5% accuracy rate in simulated breath monitoring tests. Theory calculation results showed that the good response to heptanal was attributed to both the positive adsorption energy (+3 eV) and the increased lattice distortion induced by heptanal. These sensors show great potential to be an effective method for early detection and treatment of lung cancer and COVID-19 for a healthy and prolonged life. We believe that this research will open the door toward more stable and practical perovskite-based sensors.

Forecasting Trend of Coronavirus Disease 2019 using Multi-Task Weighted TSK Fuzzy System

Artificial intelligence-(AI) based fog/edge computing has become a promising paradigm for infectious disease. Various AI algorithms are embedded in cooperative fog/edge devices to construct medical Internet of Things environments, infectious disease forecast systems, smart health, and so on. However, these systems are usually done in isolation, which is called single-task learning. They do not consider the correlation and relationship between multiple/different tasks, so some common information in the model parameters or data characteristics is lost. In this study, each data center in fog/edge computing is considered as a task in the multi-task learning framework. In such a learning framework, a multi-task weighted Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy system, called MW-TSKFS, is developed to forecast the trend of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). MW-TSKFS provides a multi-task learning strategy for both antecedent and consequent parameters of fuzzy rules. First, a multi-task weighted fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm is developed for antecedent parameter learning, which extracts the public information among all tasks and the private information of each task. By sharing the public cluster centroid and public membership matrix, the differences of commonality and individuality can be further exploited. For consequent parameter learning of MW-TSKFS, a multi-task collaborative learning mechanism is developed based on ϵ-insensitive criterion and L2 norm penalty term, which can enhance the generalization and forecasting ability of the proposed fuzzy system. The experimental results on the real COVID-19 time series show that the forecasting tend model based on multi-task the weighted TSK fuzzy system has a high application value. © 2021 Association for Computing Machinery.

[Analysis on infection risk in secondary close contacts of COVID-19 patients].

Objective: To study the infection rate of secondary close contacts of COVID-19 patients, and assess the infection risk in the contacts. Methods: COVID-19 patients' close contacts (with a clear exposure time to index case) with negative nucleic acid test results and secondary close contacts were surveyed in continuous isolation and medical observation in this prospective study. The dynamic nucleic acid test results of the close contacts and secondary contacts of COVID-19 patients were collected to assess their risk of infection. Results: A total of 4 533 close contacts were surveyed, in whom 14 were confirmed as COVID-19 patients with overall secondary attack rate of 0.31%, and 4 201 secondary contacts were tracked, in whom no subsequent infections occurred. Conclusion: Close contacts of COVID-19 patients entered in centralized isolation for medical observation with negative nucleic acid tese results,the secondary close contacts of COVID-19 patients have no risk of infection.

A practical analysis of blended training efficacy on organizational outcomes

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature of blended learning by practically implementing best practices in employee training. Design/methodology/approach: In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, an organization had modified its training procedures over the course of three years to improve employee and organizational outcomes. Employee candidates who were onboarded into sales positions during the years 2019–2021 were given the opportunity to learn the content in an online format and subsequently evaluated prior to their in-person training and final evaluation to provide them with a self-paced blended learning experience. Both evaluation scores, along with the length it took to complete the trainings, were used to determine the trainings effectiveness and efficiency respectively. Findings: The findings for the study showed that the organization was successfully able to improve upon the efficiency of the training by reducing training length and the effectiveness by improving employee outcomes. Research limitations/implications: The study’s design was limited to the probation process, which resulted in issues drawing conclusions for employee outcomes that were relevant to their long-term organizational success. This emphasizes the importance of comprehensive investigations for future practical studies. Practical implications: The findings allow for the improvement of blended learning models within real-world organizational contexts that provide organizations with the opportunity to improve employee outcomes while reducing time costs. Originality/value: This study provides data from applied blended learning procedures that were validated using empirical findings, which contributes to the practicality of blended learning in workplace training. © 2022, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Review of Covid-19 Diagnosis Techniques Combined with Machine Learning and AI Analysis

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rapidly spreading all over the world. In order to reduce the workload of doctors, chest X-ray (CXR) and chest computed tomography (CT) scans are playing a major role in the detection and following-up of COVID-19 symptoms. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology based on machine learning and deep learning has significantly upgraded recently medical image screening tools, therefore, medical specialists can make clinical decisions more efficiently on COVID-19 infection cases, providing the best protection to patients as soon as possible. This paper tries to cover the latest progress of automated medical imaging diagnosis techniques involved with COVID-19, including image acquisition, segmentation, diagnosis, and follow-up. This paper focuses on the combination of X-ray, CT scan with AI, especially the deep-learning technique, all of which can be widely used in the frontline hospitals to fight against COVID-19. © 2022, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

IoT and AI Technology Used for COVID-19 Pandemic Control

The pandemic of COVID-19 is going on spreading in 2021, which has infected at least 170 million of people around the world. The healthcare systems are overwhelmed due to the virus infection. Luckily, Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most effective paradigms in the smart world, in which artificial intelligence technology, like cloud computing and big data analysis, is playing a vital role in epidemic prevention and blocking COVID-19 spreading. For example, in terms of remote screening and diagnosis of the COVID-19 patients, AI technology based on machine learning and deep learning has significantly upgraded recently medical equipment and reshapes the workflow with minimal contact to patients, therefore medical specialists can make clinical decisions more efficiently, providing the best protection not only to patients but also specialists themselves. This paper hereby reviews the latest progress of IoT systems combined AI against COVID-19, and it also provide comprehensive detail on how to overcome the epidemic challenges along with directions towards the possible technology trends for future work. © 2022, ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

Analysis of the prevalence of common respiratory pathogens in children in Beijing in 2020

Objective To investigate the changes in epidemiological characteristics of common respiratory pathogens in children in Beijing during COVID-19 epidemic.Methods A total of 9 728 serum samples were collected from cases of acute respiratory infections in Beijing Children′s Hospital from January 2020 to December 2020.Indirect immunofluorescence antibody test was performed to detect IgM antibodies against eight common respiratory pathogens and the test results were statistically analyzed.The eight common respiratory pathogens were influenza virus A (FluA), influenza virus B (FluB), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus (ADV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp), Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) and Legionella pneumophila (Lp).Results The detection rate of respiratory pathogens in 9 728 cases was 41.71% (4 058/9 728) and respiratory viruses (FluA, FluB, RSV, ADV and PIV) accounted for 46.18% (2 343/5 074) of all detected pathogens.Mp, FluB and FluA accounted for 84.73% (4 299/5 074)of all detected pathogens, and the detection rates were 24.27% (2 361/9 728), 11.49% (1 118/9 728) and 8.43% (820/9 728), respectively.There were 846 cases positive for two kinds of pathogens, and the most common co-infection was Mp and FluB.The detection rates in male and female were 37.56% (2 089/5 562) and 47.26% (1 969/4 166), respectively.There were significant differences in the total detection rate and the positive rates of PIV and Mp between different sexes (P<0.05).The detection rate in school-age children (6-12 years old) was the highest (52.26%, 1 535/2 937).The detection rates of respiratory pathogens in different months ranged from 30.12% (203/674) to 49.81% (268/538) with higher rates in autumn and winter [42.45% (1 304/3 072) and 43.29% (1 618/3 738)].The detection rates of FluA and FluB were higher in summer [11.46% (195/1 701)] and winter [14.63% (547/3738)], respectively.Most of RSV infection occurred in summer [1.35% (23/1 701)], and Mp could be detected all year round, especially in winter and spring [27.21% (1 017/3 738) and 25.64% (312/1 217)].The detection rate of respiratory pathogens in outpatient group was higher than that in inpatient group [46.48% (1 583/3 406) vs 39.15% (2 475/6 322)].The detection rate in severe cases was 26.10% (71/272).The detection rates of total pathogens, FluB and Mp were higher in outpatients than in inpatients and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The detection rates of FluA, PIV and ADV were higher in inpatients than in outpatients and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).The detection rates of total pathogens, FluB and Mp in mild cases were significantly higher than those in severe cases and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The detection rate of RSV in severe cases was significantly higher than that in mild cases and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions The protective measures taken during the period of regular prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic could better prevent the spread of respiratory viruses, having a certain impact on the population susceptible to respiratory pathogens and typical seasonal patterns, but had little effect on the prevention and control of Mp.New protective measures needed to be studied to prevent Mp infection in children during epidemical season.

Cultivating public health youth talents with illustrious virtue and lofty aspirations to undertake glorious tasks of a new era: Minute Cultivating public health youth talents with illustrious virtue and lofty aspirations to undertake glorious tasks of a new era: Minutes of the Sixteenth National Postgraduates Symposium on Environmental and Occupational Medicine s of the Sixteenth National Postgraduates Symposium on Environmental and Occupational Medicine

From October 22 to 23, 2021, the 16th National Postgraduates Symposium on Environmental and Occupational Medicine was successfully held in Central South University, sponsored by the Editorial Board of Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Xiangya School of Public Health of Central South University, and co-organized by School of Public Health of South China University and Shanghai Preventive Medicine Association. Keeping in view the outbreak of COVID-19, the symposium was held in the form of "offline+online". More than 100 teachers and students from more than 30 universities and research institutions across China attended the conference. A total of 114 excellent papers were submitted to this conference. Focusing on the theme of "Research and practice: Healing the schism", young scholars' forum as well as postgraduates' academic exchanges at the main venue and four parallel sessions were launched. This conference not only provided an excellent platform for postgraduate students in the field of environmental and occupational medicine nationwide to share academic trends and exchange academic research, but also expanded the influence of the Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine. © 2021, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention. All rights reserved.

[Analysis on infectivity of COVID-19 patients before and after last negative nucleic acid test].

Objective: To investigate the infection rate in close contacts of COVID-19 patients before and after the last negative nucleic acid test, evaluate the effect of dynamic nucleic acid test in determining the infectivity of COVID-19 patients. Methods: Dynamic nucleic acid test results of COVID-19 cases were collected in a retrospective cohort study. COVID-19 cases with negative nucleic acid test results before their first positive nucleic acid tests were selected as study subjects. Close contacts of the index cases and the secondary close contacts were kept isolation for medical observation to assess their risk of infection. Results: This study included 89 confirmed cases from two local COVID-19 epidemics in Ningbo. A total of 5 609 close contacts were surveyed, the overall infection rate was 0.20%. No close contacts of the COVID-19 cases before the last negative nucleic acid test were infected, and the infection rate in the close contacts of the COVID-19 cases after the last negative nucleic acid test was 1.33%, all of these close contacts lived together with the index cases. No secondary close contacts were infected. Conclusion: COVID-19 patient becomes infectious after the last nucleic acid is negative, and has no infectivity before the last nucleic acid negative.